Books and Edited Volumes

Economou, A. (Forthcoming). Shape Computation. Springer International Publishing AG, #86998320, Computer Science US. Projected completion date: May 2027. shape.gatech.edu/publications/shape-computation/

Economou, A., Jin, Y (eds). (2021). Thematic Collection: Design Computing and Cognition 2020 AIEDAM Special Issue, Volume 35, Number 4, Fall 2021 cambridge.org/core/journals/ai-edam/call-for-papers-thematic-collection-design-computing-and-cognition-2020

Economou, A., Ligler, H., Hong, T.K., Park. J. (eds). (2019) Shape Machine Symposium Transcripts. School of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, November 2019. shape.gatech.edu/research/symposium/

Eloy S., Pauwels P. and Economou, A. (eds) (2018). AI EDAM special issue: Advances in Implemented Shape Grammars: Solutions and Applications, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing (AIEDAM), 32(2). doi:10.1017/S0890060417000634

Economou, A. (1998). Architectonics of Symmetry in Twentieth Century Architectural and Music Theories, Ph.D. Dissertation, School of Architecture and the Arts, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.35086.93769

Selected Journals Articles and Book Chapters

Economou, A. (2025). Shape Machine: Shape-Based Search and Replace in CAD. In: Kotsopoulos, S. (eds) Shape Computation. Mathematics and the Built Environment, vol 9. Birkhäuser, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81623-9_16

Economou, A., Hong, T.K, Newton, R. (2024). Shape meets Euclid: Integrating shape computation with ruler and compass procedures. Automation in Construction, Volume 165, 105562, ISSN 0926–5805, doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105562

Hong, T.K., Economou, A. (2023). Implementation of shape embedding in 2D CAD systems, Automation in Construction, Volume 146, pp. 1–15, 104640, ISSN 0926–5805, 2023. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104640

Hong, T.K., Economou, A. (2022) What shape grammars do that CAD should: The 14 cases of shape embedding. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 36, E4. pp. 1–20, 2022. doi:10.1017/S0890060421000263

Okhoya, V.W., Bernal, M., Economou, A., Saha, N., Hong, T.K., Haymaker, J. (2022) Generative workplace and space planning in architectural practice. International Journal of Architectural Computing. 20(3): 645–672. doi:10.1177/14780771221120580

Yu, Y., Hong, T.K., Economou, A., Paulino, G. (2021). Rethinking Origami: On the Generation of Origami Patterns in Shape Machine, Computer-Aided Design, ISSN: 0010–4485, Vol: 137, Page: 103029, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.cad.2021.103029

Economou, A., Hong, TCK., Ligler, H., Park, J. (2021). Shape Machine: A Primer for Visual Computation. In: Lee, JH. (eds) A New Perspective of Cultural DNA. KAIST Research Series. Springer, Singapore pp. 65–92. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7707-9_6

Park, J., Economou, A. (2019). The Dirksen Grammar: A Generative Description of Mies van der Rohe’s Courthouse Design Language. Nexus Network Journal, 21(3): 591–622. doi:10.1007/s00004-019-00441-8

Quan, S. J., Park, J., Economou, A. Lee, S. (2019). Artificial Intelligence-Aided Design: Smart Design for Sustainable City Development, Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 46(8): 1581–1599. doi:10.1177/2399808319867946

Economou, A., Grasl, T. Paperless Grammars. (2018). In: Lee, J.H. (eds) Computational Studies on Cultural Variation and Heredity. KAIST Research Series. Springer, Singapore, pp. 139–160. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-8189-7_12

Grasl, T., Economou, A. (2018). From Shapes to Topologies and Back: An introduction to a General Parametric Shape Grammar Interpreter. Advances in Implemented Shape Grammars: Solutions and Applications. AI EDAM Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 32(2), Cambridge University Press, pp. 208–224. doi:10.1017/S0890060417000506

Eloy, S., Pauwels, P., Economou, A. (2018). Promises of Shape Grammars. In Advances in Implemented Shape Grammars: Solutions and Applications. AI EDAM Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 32(2), Cambridge University Press, pp. 131–137. doi:10.1017/S0890060417000634

Ligler, H., Economou, A. (2016). Entelechy Revisited: On the Generative Specification of John Portman’s Architectural Language. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, Sage Press. doi:10.1177/0265813516676489

Grasl, T., Economou, A. (2013). From Topologies to Shapes: Parametric Shape Grammars Implemented by Graphs, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 40 (5): 905 – 922. doi:10.1068/b38156

Economou, A., Grasl, T. (2012). Spatial Sieves. In Xenakis Matters: Contexts, Processes, Applications, Sharon Kanach (Ed). Xenakis Series IV; Pendragon Press, pp. 287–313. academia.edu/16199730/Spatial_Sieves

Grasl, T., Economou, A. (2012). Sort Machines. In J. Halatsch (ed), Digital Urban Modelling and Simulation, Springer-Verlag, Computer Science Editorial: Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS), Volume 0242; pp. 123–143. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29758-8_7

Din, E., Economou, A. (2010). A. Surface Symmetries: The Smith House Revisited. International Journal of Architectural Computing, Issue 04, Vol. 08, pp. 485–506. doi:10.1260/1478-0771.8.4.485

Economou, A., Swarts, M. (2006). Performing Palladio. International Journal of Architectural Computing, Issue 3, Volume 4, pp. 47–61. doi:10.1260/147807706778658865

Economou, A. (2006). Tracing Axes of Growth. In Visual Thought: The Depictive Space of Perception, Advances in Consciousness Research 67 Ed: L. Albertazzi, (Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing Company), pp. 351–365. researchgate.net/publication/282356345_Tracing_axes_of_growth

Economou, A. (1999). The Symmetry Lessons from Froebel Building Gifts. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 26(1): 75–90. doi:10.1068/b260075

Selected Conference Proceedings

Chung, Y.T., Marupudi. V., Vemuri, S.K., Economou, A., Varma, S. (2025). Modeling the Viewpoint Theory of Mental Rotation. Twelfth Annual Conference on Advances in Cognitive Systems, Atlanta GA, USA. openreview.net/forum

Newton, R., Economou, A. (2024) Redefining Line Maximization. In: Gero, J.S. (eds) Design Computing and Cognition’24. DCC 2024. Springer, Cham, pp 250–264. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-71918-9_16

Shi, Y., Economou, A. (2024) Dougong Revisited: A Parametric Specification of Chinese Bracket Design in Shape Machine. In: Gero, J.S. (eds) Design Computing and Cognition’24. DCC 2024. Springer, Cham, pp 233–249. 2024 doi:10.1007/978-3-031-71918-9_15

Economou, A., Hong, TC.K. (2023). Back to the Drawing Board: Shape Calculations in Shape Machine. Design Computing and Cognition’22. DCC 2022. Springer, Cham. pp. 549–567. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20418-0_33

Hong, T.K., Economou, A. (2022). Five Criteria for Shape Grammar Interpreters. In Gero, J. (eds) Design Computing and Cognition DCC’20, DCC2020. Springer, pp.189–208. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90625-2_11

Economou A. (2021). Durand Redrawn: A Formal Description of Durand’s “Précis of the Lectures on Architecture”, Conference Proceedings of NEXUS 20/21: Relationships Between Architecture and Mathematics, Kaiserslautern, Germany, pp. 101–106. researchgate.net/publication/410389488_Durand_Redrawn_A_formal_description_of_Durand's_Precis_of_the_lectures_on_Architecture

Ligler, H., Economou, A. (2019). From Drawing Shapes to Scripting Shapes: Architectural Theory Mediated by Shape Machine. Proceedings of the Symposium on Simulation for Architecture and Urban Design (SimAUD). No.: 39, 1–8. dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3390098.3390137

Economou, A. (2018). The Six Vitruvian Principles of Architectural Design Reframed within Contemporary Computational Design Discourse. In Williams, K., Bevilaqua, M.G. (eds) Nexus 2018 Architecture and Mathematics Conference Book, Kim Williams Books, University of Pisa, pp.117–121. researchgate.net/publication/328826829_The_Six_Vitruvian_Principles_of_Architectual_Design_Reframed_Within_Contemporary_Computational_Design_Discourse

Ligler, H, Economou, A. (2018). On John Portman’s Atria: Two Exercises in Hotel Composition. In Gero, J. (eds) Design Computing and Cognition’18. DCC2018. Springer, Cham. pp. 439–458. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05363-5_22

Dortdivanlioglu, H., Economou, A. (2017). Outlining Terragni: A Riddle Reworked. In: Çağdaş, G., Özkar, M., Gül, L., Gürer, E. (eds) Computer-Aided Architectural Design. Future Trajectories. CAADFutures 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 724. Springer, Singapore. pp. 381–394. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5197-5_21

Ligler, H., Economou, A. (2015) Entelechy I: Towards a Formal Specification of John Portman’s Domestic Architecture. In Martens, B., Wurzer, G., Grasl, T., Lorenz, W.E., Schaffranek, R. (eds) Real Time: Extending the Reach of Computation, Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference, Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria. pp. 445–452. papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/paper/ecaade2015_253

Park, J., Economou, A. (2015). The Dirksen Variations: Towards a Generative Description of Mies’s Courthouse Language. In Martens, B., Wurzer, G., Grasl, T., Lorenz, W.E., Schaffranek, R. (eds) Real Time: Extending the Reach of Computation, Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference, Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria. pp. 453–462. papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/ecaade2015_297.content.pdf

Economou, A., Kotsopoulos, S. (2014). From Shape Rules to Rule Schemata and Back. In Gero, J., Hanna, S.(eds) Design Computing and Cognition DCC’14. DCC2014. Springer, pp. 419–438. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14956-1_22

Grasl, T., and Economou, A. (2014). Towards Controlled Grammars: Approaches to Automating Rule Selection for Shape Grammars. In Thompson, E. (eds) Fusion: Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, Volume 2, pp. 357–363. doi:10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.357

Quan, J. S., Economou, A., Grasl, T., and Pei-Ju Yang P. (2014). Computing Energy Performance of Building Density, Shape and Typology in Urban Context, ” 6th International Conference on Applied Energy – ICAE2014, SciVerse Science Direct, Energy Procedia, Elsevier, pp. 1602–05. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187661021403210X

Economou, A, (2013). f(x): Explicit and Recursive Definitions of Architectural Typology. Bernal, M., et al, (eds). Knowledge-Based Design: Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGRADI) Conference, Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile, pp. 211–216. proceedings.blucher.com.br/article-details/fxn-explicit-and-recursive-definitions-of-architectural-typology-14125

Grasl, T., Economou, A., (2013). Unambiguity: Difficulties in Communicating Shape Grammar Rules to a Digital Interpreter. In Stouffs, R.S., Sariyildiz, S. (eds) Computation and Performance: Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 2, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, pp. 617–620. doi:10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.617

Grasl, T., Economou, A. (2011). Grape: Using Graph Grammars to Implement Shape Grammars. SimAUD ’11: Proceedings of the 2011 Symposium on Simulation for Architecture and Urban Design (SimAUD), Society for Computer Simulation International, Boston, MA, pp. 45–52. dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/2048536.2048539

Grasl, T., Economou, A. (2010). Palladian Graphs: Using a Graph Grammar to Automate the Palladian Grammar. In Schmitt, G. et al, (eds) Future Cities, 28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 275–284. doi:10.52842/conf.ecaade.2010.275

Din, E., Economou, A., (2009). Emergent Symmetries and Visual Computations: A Group Theoretical Analysis of The Smith House by Richard Meier. In , Tidafi, T., Dorta, T. (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009 PUM, 2009, pp. 173–187. papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/paper/cf2009_173

Economou, A., Grasl, T. (2009). Point Worlds. In Gagdas, G., Colakoglu, B. (eds) Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design, 27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings. ITU /YTU, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 221–228. doi:10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.221

Grasl, T., Economou, A., Branum, C. (2009). Combining Triples: Using a Graph Grammar to Generate Courthouse Topologies. In Gagdas, G., Colakoglu, B. (eds) Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design, 27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings. ITU /YTU, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 605–612. doi:10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.605

Economou, A., Riether, G. (2008). Vitruvian Machine: Eight exercises in formal composition. In Nakapan, W., Mahaek, E., Teeraparbwong, E., Nilkaew, P (eds) Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, pp. 522–528. doi:10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.522

Economou, A., and Grasl, T. (2008). Unraveling Complexity. In Gero, J. (eds). Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition ’08, DCC2008., Atlanta USA, pp.361–374. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8728-8_19

Economou, A., Grasl, T. (2007). Sieve_n: A Computational Approach for the Generation of All Partial Lattices of Two-Dimensional Shapes with an n-fold Symmetry Axis. In Kieferle, J., Ehlers, K (eds) Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe) Conference Proceedings, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, pp. 947–954. doi:10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.947

Grasl, T., Economou, A. (2007). Spatial Similarity Metrics: Graph Theoretic Distance Measurement and Floor Plan Abstraction. In Maver, T. (eds) Proceedings of Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: CAADFutures, Sydney, Australia, pp. 251–263. papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/paper/cf2007_251

Economou, A. (2006). Well-Tempered Mappings of Architecture and Music. In V. Trova,V. Manolides, K., Papakonstantinou, G (eds) Representation as Vehicle of Architectural Thought Conference Proceedings, University of Thessaly Press, Greece, pp. 85–94. (In Greek): Οικονόμου, Α. 2006. Συγκερασμένες Απεικονίσεις Αρχιτεκτονικής και Μουσικής. Πρακτικά Συνεδρίου: Η αναπαράσταση ως Όχημα Αρχιτεκτονικής Σκέψης, Eπ: Β.Τροβά, Κ. Μανωλίδης, Γ. Παπακωνσταντίνου, Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλίας, Εκδόσεις Τμήματος Αρχιτεκτόνων, σελ.85–94. researchgate.net/publication/282577769_Well-tempered_mappings_of_architecture_and_music

Park, H. J., Economou, A., Papalambros, P. (2005). Hermes: A Computational Tool for Proportional Studies in Design. In Eds: Martens, B., Brown, A. (eds) Conference Proceedings of the Computer-Aided Architecture Design Futures: Learning from the Past a Foundation for the Future (CAADFutures 2005), Kluwer Academic Publishers: Vienna, Austria, pp. 99–108. papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/paper/cf2005_2_33_220

Economou, A. (2001). Four Algebraic Structures in Design. In Wasim, J. (eds) Proceedings of the Twenty First Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture: Reinventing the Discourse: How Digital Tools Help Bridge and Transform Research, Education and Practice in Architecture, Buffalo, New York, pp.192–201. papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/a3e8.content.pdf

Economou, A. (2001). C2C2C2: Pythagorean Structures in Design. In Burry, M., Datta, S., Dawson, A., Rollo, J. (eds) Proceedings of Mathematics and Design 2001: The Third International Conference: Digital . Hand . Eye . Ear . Mind, Geelong, Australia: Deakin University, pp.128–138. researchgate.net/publication/282356352_C2C2C2_Pythagorean_structures_in_design

Economou, A. (2000). Shape Grammars in Architectural Design Studio. In Eds: Mitchell, W., Fernandez, J.(eds) Proceedings of the 2000 ACSA Technology Conference: The Intersection of Design and Technology, Washington DC: Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture, pp.75–81. researchgate.net/publication/268429048_Shape_Grammars_in_Architectural_Design_Studio

Economou, A. (2000). Spatial Canons and Fugues. In Killing, A. (eds) Proceedings of Greenwich 2000: Digital Creativity Symposium, Architecture, Landscape, Design. University of Greenwich, pp.53–60. researchgate.net/publication/266215004_Spatial_Canons_and_Fugues

Economou, A. (1999) Counting, Coloring and Computing: Lessons from the Kindergarten. In Barrallo, J. (eds) Arts, Mathematics and Architecture: Proceedings of the First International Conference, The University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain, pp.147–155. researchgate.net/publication/282356350_Counting_coloring_and_computing_Lessons_from_the_Kindergarten

Economou, A. (1998). The symmetry of the Equal Temperament Scale. In Barrallo, J. (eds) Mathematics and Design 98: Proceedings of the Second International Conference, The University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain, pp. 557–566. researchgate.net/publication/282356168_The_symmetry_of_the_equal_temperament_scale